Page 51 - kayseri-medeniyetlerin-besigi

kayseri tariHi | tariHi maZaka şeHri
“Kappadokia Kralı V. Ariarathes (M.Ö.163–160), M.Ö.163’te
Kral IV. Ariarathes’in ölümüyle kral oldu. Kral V. Ariarat-
hes, Yunan kültürü ile yetişmiş, iyi eğitimli bir kişidir. Aynı
zamanda filozof Kameades’in öğrencisi olan Ariarathes ve
Hellenistik kurumların kendi ülkesinde kök salması için çalış-
mıştır. Onun zamanında Khrondas Yasaları’nın Mazaka’da
uygulanması için bir anayasa heyeti oluşturmuştur. Bu yasa-
lar, Kappadokialı çocukların eğitimi, öksüzlerin bakımı ve
ailenin korunmasıyla ilgilidir. Ancak tüm çabalarına rağmen
Kappadokia “Hellenize” olamamış, yerel âdetler ve köy ekono-
misi var olmaya devam etmiştir. Yunan dili yerel dil ve lehçeler
karşısında zayıf kalmıştır.
“King of Cappadocia V. Ariarathes (163–160 B.C.), became
kind with the dead of King IV of 163 B.C.. King V. Ariarathes
is a well–educated person, trained with Greek culture. At the
same time, Ariadathes, a student of the philosopher Kame-
ades, worked for Hellenistic institutions to be rooted in his own
country. In his time he created a constitutional delegation for
the implementation of Khrondas Laws in Mazaka. These laws
are concerned with the education of Cappadocian children,
the care of orphans and the protection of the family. Despite
all efforts, however, Cappadocia could not be “Hellenized”
and local customs and village economy continued to exist. The
Greek language has remained weak against local languages
and dialects.
birisidir. Kral Tigranes tarafından kurulup, şehrin nüfusunu artırmak
için çok sayıda insan göçe tabi tutulmuştur. Bu durum şehre dünyanın
her yeriyle iş yapan tüccarları çekip, şehir bir ticaret ve kültür şehrine
dönüşmüştür) kentini kurdu; fakat Tigranorkerta’nın zaptından sonra,
gelebilenler geri geldi…”
Kapadokya’nın son kralı Archelaus (M.Ö.36–M.S.17), Eusebeia’nın
adını değiştirerek, gönülden bağlı olduğu Roma İmparatoru Augustus’un
unvanına izafen “Kaisareia” adını koymuştur. (M.Ö.12–9) Ayrıca Kaisa-
reia isminin, Sezar’ın, Farnekes Savaşı’na giderken buraya uğraması ve
onun şerefine veya şehri tamir ettiren Claudius’un unvanına izafeten
verildiği iddiaları vardır. Bu isim değişikliği, Kayseri’de basılmış olan
bronz paralarda da gözlenir.
Archelaus adını taşıyan en son sikke, M.Ö.13–12 senelerine aittir.
Kaisareia adı ile basılmış, bilinen en eski sikke M.Ö.10–9 senelerine
aittir. Şehir bu tarihten sonra bu adla ün bulmuş ve gelişmiştir.
hIstory of KayserI | hIstorIcal mazaKa cIty 51
others to their friends. Mazaka is located in the south of Pontos, about
eight hundred stations. The distance to Euphrates is a little less than twice
that. From here we can see from the gate of Cilicia and from the camp of
Kyros (the great Persian King who lived in the sixth century B.C.), Tyana
(present Bor–Kemerhisar, Tuvana–Tuvanuva during the Hittites, Dana
during the Persians and Alexander the Great, Tyana during the Romans)
and Kybistra (Ereğli) is three hundred stations away. They use Kharon-
das’s laws (Kharondas, the Greek thinker, the laws he wrote included his
valuable thoughts).
V. Arirathes used both Eusebes (respectful) and PhiloPatoros (loving
his father) nicknames when he inherited the throne. But when Tigranes,
King of Armenia took Cappadocia, he put the people in a very bad situ-
ation. Because it forced each to migrate to Mesopotamia and founded
Tigranokerta (to the east of Silvan Province of Diyarbakır, Founded by
King Tigranes, many people were forced to migrate there in order to
increase the population of the city. The city became a center of trade and
culture attracting traders who do business all over the world); but after
the capture of Tigranorkerta, the ones who were able to return came
back... “The last king of Cappadocia, Pontoslei Archelaus (36 B.C.–17 A.D.),
changed the name of Eusebeia and named it “Kaisareis”, dedicating it to
the title of the Roman Emperor Augustus, whom he was deeply attached
to. (BC12–9) There is also the assertion that the Kaisareia name is given
when Caesar is on the way to the Battle of Farnekes and to be attributed
to Cladius, who honored him or repaired the city. This name change is
also observed in the bronze coins printed in Kayser.
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The last coin bearing the name of Archelaos belongs to the 13 –12
centuries B.C.. The oldest known coin, printed with the name Kaisareria,
belongs to the 10 –9 centuries B.C.. After this date, the city became
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famous with this name and developed.
○ In the period of Marcus Aurelius (AC 161–180), the city is called
“Metropol Kaisarea” on the coins.
○ The name “Neocoros” is also quoted in Septimus Severus and Severus
Alexander and Gordion coins.
○ In the period of Julianus Apustata (AC 361–363), this name was abol-
ished for the purpose of being punishment to the city, again Mazaka
was started to be used. However, since there are other cities in Ana-
tolia with the name Mazaka, titles such as “Kaisareia on the side of
Erciyes, Kaisareia, the capital of Cappadocia, Kaisareia, the leading city
of Anatolia” were given to distinguish Kayseri.
○ The city was also referred as “The great city of Kayseri of Cappadocia,
Galatia, Pontus and Armenia” A Roman writer mentions the city as
“Mater Urbium – the mother of cities”.
Muslim Arabs pronunciation of “Kaisareia” in the form of “Kayseriye,
Kayseri”. It is also referred to as “Kayseriyye” in Ottoman period sources.
Since then, the city has been known as “Kayseriyye”, “Kayseri, Kayserî”.